Krishen Khanna

ARTICLE

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Modern & Contemporary Art

FIRST PUBLISHED

April 21, 2022

Krishen Khanna%newline%[mapeiacarousel id=17310] A self-taught painter and sculptor, Krishen Khanna is an Indian Modernist artist who rose to prominence as a member of the Bombay Progressive Artists’ Group (PAG). Using graphite, charcoal and oil paints, his works have captured the social and political climate of the nation from the 1940s and 1950s onwards. Spanning a nearly eighty-year career, Khanna’s work draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including biblical tales and wedding band players, and has a pronounced narrative element. Khanna was born in 1925 in Faisalabad, Punjab, and grew up in Lahore (both in present-day Pakistan). In 1938, he travelled to England on a scholarship to study at the Imperial Service College in Windsor, and graduated in 1942. After returning to Lahore, he enrolled at the Government College University, where he began working at the printing press on campus. During this time, he also apprenticed under the painter Sheikh Ahmed at Studio One. In 1946, Khanna moved to Bombay (now Mumbai, India) to work at a bank, continuing to paint alongside the job. He came in contact with the painter SB Palsikar, who introduced him to members of the newly founded PAG and helped him exhibit his work for the first time. Subsequently, his painting News of Gandhiji’s Death (1948) was selected to be part of a group exhibition at the Bombay Art Society, and Khanna exhibited with the PAG in 1949. In the wake of the Partition in 1947, Khanna and his family had been forced to relocate from Lahore to Shimla in present-day India, an experience whose pain and horror left a lasting impact on him and went on to become a recurring theme in his work. [mapeiacarousel id=17312] In 1953 he moved to the Madras (Chennai) branch of his bank. Over the next decade, he continued painting while working as a banker, before quitting his job in 1961 to become a full-time artist. The following year Khanna moved into his family home in a resettlement colony in New Delhi, and travelled to Japan under a Rockefeller fellowship. The ink wash painting technique of sumi-e that he encountered there inspired him to create a body of work with ink on rice paper. He returned to India in 1964. Like most of his contemporaries in the PAG, Khanna had a strong commitment to figurative painting over abstraction. His works emphasise the human condition through figural depictions, drawing from everyday life as well as historical events. His paintings portray a diverse range of subjects, from mythological figures to migrant labourers. In series such as Nocturne and paintings such as Rear View, Khanna focused on the lives of the migrants in Delhi. From the 1980s onwards, he became especially interested in the figure of the bandwallah, a member of the colonial-era marching bands that became widely popular in Indian wedding processions. Exemplified by the vividly coloured Expressionistic painting Bandwala (1989–90), these musicians became a recurring subject in his work. Khanna’s oeuvre also comprises religious and mythological themes — as exemplified by the painting Christ and his Apostles and the Mahabharata series — and scenes from daily life, seen in paintings such as Dhaba. Between 1980 and 1984, he painted The Great Procession, a ceiling mural in the lobby of the ITC Maurya hotel in New Delhi that has achieved particular renown. Drawing on intimate personal experience, Khanna is also one of the few artists to have painted scenes from the Partition. Khanna is also known for his sculptural works in bronze and acrylic on fibreglass, such as The Blind King (2006) and Killing of Jatayu, and numerous figures of musicians, such as bandwallahs playing the trumpet, horn and drums, as well as mridangam, flute and harmonica players. Khanna has exhibited widely, both in India and internationally. In 2002, he published his memoirs titled Memories, Anecdotes, Tall Talks. His career has been the subject of art critic Gayatri Sinha’s books Krishen Khanna: A Critical Biography (2001) and The Embrace of Love (2005), a monograph. In 2013, the Raza Foundation published My Dear: Letters Between Sayed Haider Raza & Krishen Khanna (2013). Khanna received the Padma Shri in 1990, the Lalit Kala Ratna in 2004, and the Padma Bhushan in 2011. At the time of writing, Khanna lives and works in Gurugram.

Dead and the Dying; Krishen Khanna; TATA Insititute of Fundamental Research Archives, Google Arts and Culture

A self-taught painter and sculptor, Krishen Khanna is an Indian Modernist artist who rose to prominence as a member of the Bombay Progressive Artists’ Group (PAG). Using graphite, charcoal and oil paints, his works have captured the social and political climate of the nation from the 1940s and 1950s onwards. Spanning a nearly eighty-year career, Khanna’s work draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including biblical tales and wedding band players, and has a pronounced narrative element.

Khanna was born in 1925 in Faisalabad, Punjab, and grew up in Lahore (both in present-day Pakistan). In 1938, he travelled to England on a scholarship to study at the Imperial Service College in Windsor, and graduated in 1942. After returning to Lahore, he enrolled at the Government College University, where he began working at the printing press on campus. During this time, he also apprenticed under the painter Sheikh Ahmed at Studio One.

In 1946, Khanna moved to Bombay (now Mumbai, India) to work at a bank, continuing to paint alongside the job. He came in contact with the painter SB Palsikar, who introduced him to members of the newly founded PAG and helped him exhibit his work for the first time. Subsequently, his painting News of Gandhiji’s Death (1948) was selected to be part of a group exhibition at the Bombay Art Society, and Khanna exhibited with the PAG in 1949. In the wake of the Partition in 1947, Khanna and his family had been forced to relocate from Lahore to Shimla in present-day India, an experience whose pain and horror left a lasting impact on him and went on to become a recurring theme in his work.

Bandwala; Krishen Khanna; c. 1989–1990; Oil on canvas; 1780 x 1250 cm; National Gallery of Modern Art, Google Arts and Culture

Families Waiting at Ambala Station; Krishen Khanna; Partition Museum, Google Arts and Culture

Flower; Krishen Khanna; c. 1989; Oil on canvas; 29 x 29 cm; Museum of Art & Photography (MAP), Bengaluru

Untitled; Krishen Khanna; c. 1986; Graphite on paper; 22 x 15.5 cm; Museum of Art & Photography (MAP), Bengaluru

In 1953 he moved to the Madras (Chennai) branch of his bank. Over the next decade, he continued painting while working as a banker, before quitting his job in 1961 to become a full-time artist. The following year Khanna moved into his family home in a resettlement colony in New Delhi, and travelled to Japan under a Rockefeller fellowship. The ink wash painting technique of sumi-e that he encountered there inspired him to create a body of work with ink on rice paper. He returned to India in 1964.

Like most of his contemporaries in the PAG, Khanna had a strong commitment to figurative painting over abstraction. His works emphasise the human condition through figural depictions, drawing from everyday life as well as historical events. His paintings portray a diverse range of subjects, from mythological figures to migrant labourers. In series such as Nocturne and paintings such as Rear View, Khanna focused on the lives of the migrants in Delhi. From the 1980s onwards, he became especially interested in the figure of the bandwallah, a member of the colonial-era marching bands that became widely popular in Indian wedding processions. Exemplified by the vividly coloured Expressionistic painting Bandwala (1989–90), these musicians became a recurring subject in his work. Khanna’s oeuvre also comprises religious and mythological themes — as exemplified by the painting Christ and his Apostles and the Mahabharata series — and scenes from daily life, seen in paintings such as Dhaba. Between 1980 and 1984, he painted The Great Procession, a ceiling mural in the lobby of the ITC Maurya hotel in New Delhi that has achieved particular renown. Drawing on intimate personal experience, Khanna is also one of the few artists to have painted scenes from the Partition.

Khanna is also known for his sculptural works in bronze and acrylic on fibreglass, such as The Blind King (2006) and Killing of Jatayu, and numerous figures of musicians, such as bandwallahs playing the trumpet, horn and drums, as well as mridangam, flute and harmonica players.

Khanna has exhibited widely, both in India and internationally. In 2002, he published his memoirs titled Memories, Anecdotes, Tall Talks. His career has been the subject of art critic Gayatri Sinha’s books Krishen Khanna: A Critical Biography (2001) and The Embrace of Love (2005), a monograph. In 2013, the Raza Foundation published My Dear: Letters Between Sayed Haider Raza & Krishen Khanna (2013). Khanna received the Padma Shri in 1990, the Lalit Kala Ratna in 2004, and the Padma Bhushan in 2011.

At the time of writing, Khanna lives and works in Gurugram.

Bibliography

Chishti, Seema. “Why Krishen Khanna Still Paints at 95.” Indian Express, February 7, 2020. https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/why-krishen-khanna-still-paints-at-95-6256171/.

Dhoomimal Gallery. “Krishen Khanna.” Accessed May 10, 2021. https://dhoomimalgallery.com/artist_info.php?id=Mzc=.

D’Mello, Rosalyn. “Krishen Khanna: The Underrated Modernist.” Open Magazine, November 9, 2016. https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/krishen-khanna-the-underrated-modernist/.

Grosvenor Gallery. “Krishen Khanna.” Accessed May 10, 2021. https://www.grosvenorgallery.com/artists/61-krishen-khanna/overview/.

JNAF. “Krishen Khanna.” Accessed May 10, 2021. https://jnaf.org/artist/krishen-khanna/.

Saffronart. “Krishen Khanna.” Accessed May 10, 2021. https://www.saffronart.com/artists/krishen-khanna.

Vadehra Art Gallery. “Krishen Khanna.” Accessed May 10, 2021. https://www.vadehraart.com/krishen-khanna-drawings-paintings.

Chicago	MAP Academy Encyclopedia of Art. “Krishen Khanna”. Accessed December 3, 2024. https://mapacademy.io/article/krishen-khanna/
MLA	“Krishen Khanna.” MAP Academy Encyclopedia of Art. https://mapacademy.io/article/krishen-khanna/. Accessed 3, December, 2024.
Harvard	MAP Academy Encyclopedia of Art. (2022) Krishen Khanna. [Online]. Available at: https://mapacademy.io/article/krishen-khanna/. (Accessed: 3, December, 2024)

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Krishen Khanna

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