Glossary

Muhammad

Muhammad

Muhammad (b. c. 570 CE; d. 632 CE), was the founder of Islam and is considered by Muslims to be the last of the Abrahamic prophets, which include Moses and Jesus. He was born in Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia) into a prosperous merchant tribe, the Quraish. He is said to have begun receiving divine visions and the word of God — through the archangel Jibrail (Gabriel) — from around the age of forty. These revelations were eventually recorded as the Quran, the holy book of Islam. Owing to their monotheistic nature he came into conflict with the polytheistic pagan beliefs of local communities; in 622 CE was forced to emigrate to Medina, where he grew his following and eventually died in 632 CE. The absence of a named successor led to the formation of the Shia and Sunni sects, which remain distinct to this day.

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