Mask of Vaikuntha Vishnu, late 5th century. Learn more about 5th century masks
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A non-Vedic ascetic movement that practised austerity and rejected domestic life. Sramana thinkers first conceptualised the philosophies of samsara (the cycle of birth and death) and moksha (freedom from such cycles). The term refers to religions outside of Brahmanical ascetic movements such as Buddhism and Jainism and groups like the Ajivikas and Charvakas.